its a check/purge recirc used for lower emissions during startup, because until a catalytic convertor is at operating temperature, it's useless.
a certain amount of gasses produced during combustion escapes past the pison rings into the crankcase as blow-by gasses. that hose is designed to reduce the resulting hydroc arbon emissions by routing the gasses and vapors from the rear valve cover into the intake manifold and combustion chambers where they are consumed again during engine operation.
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